Biomechanical Evaluation of Attachment and Trimline Modifications in Maxillary Molar Distalization Using Clear Aligners
Applied Sciences (Switzerland), cilt.15, sa.11, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 15 Sayı: 11
- Basım Tarihi: 2025
- Doi Numarası: 10.3390/app15115873
- Dergi Adı: Applied Sciences (Switzerland)
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Aerospace Database, Agricultural & Environmental Science Database, Applied Science & Technology Source, Communication Abstracts, INSPEC, Metadex, Directory of Open Access Journals, Civil Engineering Abstracts
- Anahtar Kelimeler: attachment design, clear aligners, finite element analysis, molar distalization, orthodontic biomechanics, root movement, tipping control, trimline
- Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Featured Application: This study provides both clinical and biomechanical insights into the optimization of upper molar distalization using clear aligners. By analyzing the effects of attachment types and trimline lengths through finite element analysis, the findings may assist orthodontists in selecting more effective configurations for achieving controlled tooth movement, while also guiding aligner manufacturers in improving force delivery systems. Upper molar distalization using clear aligners requires optimal force direction and control to ensure effective and predictable tooth movement. This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical effects of different aligner trimline lengths (trimline ending at the gingival margin vs. 2 mm extended) and attachment designs (no attachment, vertical rectangular, 25-degree beveled vertical, and double horizontal) on maxillary first molar distalization using finite element analysis. A three-dimensional maxillary model was constructed from CBCT data, and eight different aligner configurations were simulated under identical distalizing force. The stress distribution within the periodontal ligament of the maxillary first molar and displacement of crown and root landmarks in three axes were analyzed. The models with no attachments and trimlines ending at the gingival margin exhibited the highest degree of uncontrolled tipping and uneven stress distribution. In contrast, models combining extended trimlines with either beveled vertical or double horizontal attachments demonstrated more controlled bodily movement, reduced palatal root mesial displacement, and more uniform vertical movement. Overall, extended trimlines were associated with increased total distalization and improved force transmission. These findings provide biomechanical insight into optimizing aligner configuration for upper molar distalization and may guide clinicians and manufacturers in improving treatment precision and predictability.