Gigawatt-scale green hydrogen deployment: A review and roadmap
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol.252, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Publication Type: Article / Review
- Volume: 252
- Publication Date: 2026
- Doi Number: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.156181
- Journal Name: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
- Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Artic & Antarctic Regions, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, Environment Index, INSPEC, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO)
- Keywords: Gigawatt-scale deployment, Green hydrogen, Hydrogen hubs and valleys, Hydrogen storage and transport, Levelized cost of hydrogen, Water electrolysis
- Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Affiliated: No
Abstract
Gigawatt-scale green hydrogen is increasingly viewed as a key pathway for decarbonizing hard-to-abate industries and supporting high-renewable energy systems, yet large-scale deployment remains constrained by technology scale-up, infrastructure readiness, cost, and market design. This review synthesizes engineering, techno-economic, policy, and market evidence across the green hydrogen value chain, from renewable electricity supply and electrolysis to storage, transport, distribution, and end use. The analysis compares major electrolysis technologies, emphasizing modularization, manufacturing expansion, and material constraints that shape near-term gigawatt deployment. It evaluates renewable integration strategies, including hybrid wind-solar configurations, electrolyzer sizing, and hydrogen hubs, for improving utilization and reducing levelized cost of hydrogen. Large-scale storage and transport options are assessed in terms of scalability, conversion losses, and distance dependence. The review identifies the main technical, financial, and regulatory barriers and proposes a phased roadmap for 2026–2050 to guide coordinated action by governments, industry, and researchers.