Thermal behavior and secondary flow analysis of perforated plate-fin heat sinks subjected to parallel and impinging flows
International Journal of Thermal Sciences, cilt.226, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 226
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2026.110860
- Dergi Adı: International Journal of Thermal Sciences
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Compendex, INSPEC
- Anahtar Kelimeler: CFD, Impinging flow, Parallel flow, Perforated heat sink, Plate-fin heat sink, Secondary flow, Thermal performance
- Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Removing excessive heat from electronic systems has become a significant challenge in their development. One of the methods used to address this problem is the use of heat sinks. A heat sink is a type of heat exchanger widely used across industries for its ease of fabrication, low cost, and reliable thermal dissipation. Building on the limitations of traditional heat sinks, recent studies have shifted towards perforated heat sink configurations, in which vortex formation improves thermal performance. Thermal behavior of perforated heat sinks has been extensively investigated in the literature under parallel flow and impinging flow, separately. However, no studies comparing parallel and impinging flows and examining their secondary flow characteristics together have been encountered. This study aims to compare the parallel and impinging flows through a plate-fin heat sink with a constant hydraulic diameter for different volumetric flow rates, perforation shapes, and hole numbers, using CFD method. Numerical model was validated with an experimental study in the literature. Results showed that the impinging flow exhibits better thermal performance across all volumetric flow rates, perforation shapes, and hole numbers. The best thermal performance is achieved in the case of circular perforation geometry with 4 holes at 0.00333 m3/s volumetric flow rate under the impinging flow regime, resulting in a thermal resistance of 0.92276 K/W. On the other hand, the worst thermal performance is exhibited in the case of rectangular perforation geometry with 12 holes at 0.00083 m3/s volumetric flow rate under the parallel flow regime, which obtained a thermal resistance of 2.37900 K/W. Additionally, correlations between the resulting Q-invariant values and the Reynolds number in power function form were established for each cases with very well correlation coefficient values.