Research Information System
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION, vol.11, pp.1-15, 2024 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Introduction: Sleeve gastrectomy surgery can lead to deficiencies in both
macro and micronutrients, with protein being particularly crucial due to its role
in muscle mass, physiological, and metabolic functions. Inadequate protein
intake due to physiological, psychological, or financial reasons may prevent
achieving the recommended intake levels. The significance of this issue is often
underappreciated.
Aim: This study evaluates the impact of protein supplementation on muscle
mass in individuals undergoing sleeve gastrectomy and emphasizes the need for
more comprehensive dietary training by expert dietitians.
Method: Data were collected from 60 participants (15 male, 45 female, aged
20–54) who visited the surgery clinic. Participants were divided into two groups:
those receiving the recommended protein supplement (15 g/day) with postbariatric
surgery diet training (BSD + PS), and those receiving only the postbariatric
surgery diet (BSD). A pre-surgery questionnaire gathered health and
general information. Daily energy and nutrient intakes were recorded using 24-h
food consumption logs on the day before surgery and at 7 days, 1 month, and
3 months postoperatively. Anthropometric measurements, including muscle
and fat mass, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) data were
also collected.
Findings: The characteristics of participants in both groups were similar,
although there were more females in the BSD + PS group (86.7%) compared
to the BSD group (63.3%). Despite an increase in energy and nutrient intake
over time, levels remained below the recommended amounts in both groups. A
significant difference was found in protein supplement consumption between
the groups (p = 0.000). Repeated measures showed significant differences in
body muscle mass percentage over time (F = 202.784; p = 0.000).
Conclusion: In individuals who underwent sleeve gastrectomy surgery,
deficiencies in macro and micronutrient intake were observed below reference
levels. For this reason, the first approach in the treatment of obesity should
always be medical nutrition therapy accompanied by a dietician. When designing
post-bariatric surgery nutrition programs, it should be taken into consideration
that nutrition protocols and trainings should be followed more closely and
given in more detail under the supervision of a specialist before supplements
are considered.