Optimization of truck scheduling in cross-docking for perishables using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with dual-mode doors
International Journal of Systems Science: Operations and Logistics, cilt.13, sa.1, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 13 Sayı: 1
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1080/23302674.2025.2596365
- Dergi Adı: International Journal of Systems Science: Operations and Logistics
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Cross-docking, docking operations optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), perishable products, Truck scheduling
- Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This study proposes a mathematical model for scheduling docking operations in a cold-chain environment, developed for a major Iranian producer of perishable goods. The model aims to minimize total operational cost by simultaneously addressing three components: (1) loading and unloading costs, determined by dock assignment and service times; (2) storage costs from holding products in cold chambers; and (3) spoilage costs caused by prolonged exposure to ambient conditions. It integrates operational constraints such as truck arrival and departure times, dock availability, cross-docking flows, spatial distances between zones, vehicle–product compatibility, and product-specific shelf-life. The nonlinear, combinatorial problem is solved using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and compared with two alternative metaheuristics: Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA). Results indicate significant efficiency gains: average truck turnaround time was reduced, with loading/unloading durations cut from 3.2 to 2.4 hours; spoilage costs fell by nearly 19%; storage costs declined from 34% to 27% of total costs; and total operational cost dropped by 15.6% compared to GA and 11.3% compared to GOA. These outcomes highlight the model’s capability to enhance cost-efficiency, minimize spoilage, and improve time management in cross-docking operations for perishable goods.